GENERAL
3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp: Its Properties and Applications

3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp is a specialized organic compound extensively used in pharmaceutical, industrial, and biochemical sectors. Recognized for its dual functionality—being both a ketone and a dicarboxylic acid—this molecule serves as a valuable intermediate in chemical synthesis and metabolic research.
Its chemical structure aligns with stringent quality expectations, particularly those defined under British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards. This designation ensures reliability, purity, and reproducibility across regulated applications.
In scientific circles, this substance is also referred to as β-ketoadipic acid and is part of the microbial degradation of aromatic compounds. The compound’s structural flexibility makes it a vital contributor to several industrial processes.
Chemical Profile and Molecular Features of 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP
The molecular design of this compound offers significant reactivity and adaptability. Its configuration includes a ketone group on the third carbon atom and carboxyl groups on both ends of a six-carbon chain.
- Molecular Formula: C6H8O5
- Molecular Weight: 160.13 g/mol
- State: Crystalline solid
- Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and water
- Melting Point: Approximately 100°C
These properties make the compound highly suitable for controlled synthesis, purification, and research activities.
Significance of 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP Compliance
The BP suffix indicates that this chemical conforms to the rigorous guidelines set by the British Pharmacopoeia. Such standards are essential for ensuring the consistency, quality, and safety of pharmaceutical ingredients.
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, using BP-grade compounds is not just a matter of choice but often a regulatory requirement. As one pharmaceutical scientist noted, “Using pharmacopoeia-standard ingredients is the foundation of GMP and product integrity.”
Key Application Areas
Drug Development and Synthesis
One of the most prominent uses of 3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp is in the formulation of drug intermediates. Its dual functional groups allow it to participate in various synthetic pathways, making it valuable in the development of enzyme inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Microbial Metabolism and Research
This molecule plays a central role in the β-ketoadipate pathway—a microbial process used to break down aromatic compounds. It provides insights into biodegradation, ecological chemistry, and even bioremediation technologies.
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemists use the compound in synthesizing complex ring structures and derivatives. Its reactivity under mild conditions makes it a preferred choice in labs aiming for selective and high-yield reactions.
Polymer Engineering
In materials science, derivatives of this compound are applied in creating polyesters and resins. These polymers are durable, chemically resistant, and useful in manufacturing coatings and adhesives.
Green Chemistry and Environmental Safety
Scientists studying eco-friendly chemical processes have recognized this compound’s role in minimizing the environmental footprint of industrial chemistry. Its compatibility with bio-based processes supports the principles of sustainable development.
Performance Metrics Comparison Table
Feature | 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP | Standard Dicarboxylic Acids | Non-BP Organic Intermediates | Synthetic Polymers | Common Ketones |
Purity Compliance | Very High (BP grade) | Moderate | Variable | Low | Medium |
Chemical Versatility | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Cost Efficiency | Moderate | High | Low | High | High |
Ease of Use | Excellent | Good | Moderate | Fair | Good |
Market Demand | Steady Growth | Average | Moderate | Very High | Moderate |
This table clearly demonstrates why this BP-compliant substance is favored over many alternatives in applications that require high standards and performance reliability.
Benefits of Incorporating 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP
- Versatile Reactivity: The dual acid-ketone profile allows multiple synthesis pathways.
- Certified Purity: Complies with pharmacopoeial standards for sensitive applications.
- Multidisciplinary Use: Fits into pharmaceutical, biochemical, and industrial domains.
- Eco-Friendly Research Support: Assists in sustainable chemistry projects.
- Long-Term Stability: Maintains performance under standard storage conditions.
Handling, Storage and Safety of 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP
Like most laboratory-grade organic acids, it requires careful handling:
- Protective Measures: Always wear gloves, goggles, and a lab coat.
- Ventilation: Conduct work in fume hoods or well-ventilated areas.
- Storage Conditions: Keep away from direct sunlight, moisture, and incompatible substances.
- Disposal: Follow proper hazardous waste protocols; do not discard in regular trash or drains.
Analytical Techniques for Quality Assurance
To confirm its composition and quality, several advanced testing methods are used:
- NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance): Confirms molecular structure
- IR Spectroscopy: Identifies functional groups
- HPLC: Ensures chemical purity
- Mass Spectrometry: Assesses molecular weight and fragmentation patterns
These tests ensure that the compound conforms to BP guidelines, providing assurance in highly regulated environments.
Evolving Innovations and Research
In recent years, innovations have led to the production of this compound via greener, enzyme-based synthesis methods. These sustainable approaches reduce chemical waste and energy consumption, aligning with eco-friendly industry goals.
Additionally, artificial intelligence and computational chemistry are being used to model its behavior in drug development scenarios. Predictive modeling significantly reduces trial-and-error in formulation science.
Regulatory and Compliance Landscape
The role of regulatory agencies such as the FDA and EMA is critical in overseeing the use of BP-compliant chemicals. Their guidelines demand that compounds like this be accompanied by:
- Batch Records
- Certificates of Analysis
- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
These documents validate the origin, purity, and suitability of the material for pharmaceutical and industrial usage.
Sustainable Chemistry Contributions
In environmental studies, this molecule contributes to bioremediation research. Microorganisms that metabolize aromatic compounds often generate this intermediate during the breakdown process.
By studying its conversion and properties, researchers can design more efficient pollutant degradation systems. Furthermore, its potential in biodegradable polymer synthesis makes it an asset in sustainable material science.
Best Practices for Sourcing 3-oxo Hexanedioic Acid BP
When acquiring 3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp, consider these best practices:
- Source from Certified Suppliers: Ensure they comply with GMP and BP regulations.
- Verify Documentation: COAs and purity records should always be provided.
- Check Batch Consistency: Review previous performance data if available.
These steps help mitigate risks and improve overall workflow reliability.
Future Potential in Emerging Technologies
As biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and sustainable industries evolve, the demand for reliable intermediates like this continues to grow. Its compatibility with synthetic biology applications, particularly in genetically engineered microbes, offers exciting possibilities.
For instance, synthetic organisms can be engineered to produce this compound naturally, potentially reducing costs and increasing production scalability.
Conclusion
In summary, 3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp is a highly versatile and reliable compound widely used in scientific, medical, and industrial fields. Its certification under British Pharmacopoeia guidelines ensures unmatched quality and safety, making it the preferred choice for applications requiring strict compliance.
From drug synthesis and polymer engineering to green chemistry and microbial studies, the compound has proven its value across multiple disciplines. As industry trends lean toward sustainability and high-performance materials, this chemical’s role is set to expand even further.
FAQs
What is 3-oxo hexanedioic acid bp primarily used for?
Researchers mainly use it as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, and microbial research due to its dual functional nature.
How does it support sustainable chemistry?
Scientists involve the compound in eco-friendly degradation pathways and are exploring its use in biodegradable materials.
What ensures its quality?
Its compliance with British Pharmacopoeia standards guarantees high purity and safety for regulated use.
Is it dangerous to handle?
Scientists consider it safe and stable when they handle it using proper laboratory safety procedures.
What industries use this compound?
Pharmaceutical, materials science, environmental chemistry, and academic research industries use it.
Can it be produced sustainably?
Researchers are developing newer methods like enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and microbial production for sustainable output.
GENERAL
What Are Guinness Calories? Simple Nutrition Facts 2025

Ever wonder if your beloved pint is sneaking in more calories than you’d like? You’ve been there. I’ll help you understand [guinness calories] the smart way—no fluff, just real-world facts and easy clarity.
Quick Answer
A pint (16 oz) of Guinness Draught has about 210 calories (about 35 kcal per 100 ml). Calories come mainly from alcohol and carbs. Simple, direct, no guesswork.
What’s in a 12-oz Guinness Draught?
This tells you exactly what’s in a standard serving.
You’ll learn the facts fast:
- 12 oz (~355 ml) of Guinness Draught has 125 calories (Alcohol 11.2 g, carbs 10 g).
- That’s ~35 kcal per 100 ml for Guinness Draught or Extra Stout. A full pint rounds to ~210 calories total.
Key Intake: A full pint = ~210 kcal; most calories come from alcohol.
How Do Variants Stack Up?
See how different types compare no guessing here.
Variant | Calories (per 12 oz) | Key Notes |
Draught | ~125 kcal | Standard, smooth |
Foreign Extra Stout | ~194 kcal | Rich, roasty |
Baltimore Blonde Lager | ~167 kcal | Hoppy, lighter |
Guinness Smooth (per 100 ml) | ~57 kcal (~217 kcal pint) |
Key Intake: Higher ABV = more calories. Pick the one that fits your macro budget.
Why Calories Vary Breakdown by Source
Learn where the calories come from, not just numbers.
- Alcohol has 7 kcal per gram; in Draught, ~62% of calories are from alcohol.
- Carbs add the rest—around 10 g in a 12-oz Draught (~40 kcal).
Key Intake: Calories split roughly 60% alcohol, 40% carbs.
Non-Alcoholic and Low-Cal Alternatives
Find choices when you want flavor without the calorie hit.
- Guinness 0: only 17 kcal per 100 ml (≈ 68 kcal per pint).
- Good picks if you’re tracking macros or avoiding alcohol.
Key Intake: Guinness 0 is a clever low-calorie swap for your pint fix.
What This Means for Dieters & Health-Mindful Drinkers
A quick guide to fit Guinness into your nutrition plan.
- A pint ~ 210 kcal is moderate—less than many craft ales (160–180 kcal).
- If counting macros, know: alcohol is the main calorie source.
Key Intake: It’s not “diet-friendly” but moderate and trackable.
Final Takeaway
This isn’t sugar-coated. If you’re watching your calories, understanding “guinness calories” means choosing wisely, knowing exactly what’s in your pint, and fitting it into your wellness plan like a smart decision, not a hidden cost.
FAQ’s
How many calories are in a pint of Guinness?
~210 kcal per pint, based on ~35 kcal per 100 ml.
What’s the calorie content of a 12-oz Guinness Draught vs Extra Stout?
Draught ~125 kcal; Extra Stout ~180–194 kcal.
Are there lower-calorie alternatives to Guinness stout?
Yes—Guinness 0 has only ~17 kcal per 100 ml (≈ 68 kcal per pint).
Guinness calories vs Bud Light: which is lower?
Guinness Draught (~125 kcal) is similar or slightly higher than Bud Light (~110 kcal).
How many calories per gram of alcohol are in Guinness?
Alcohol contributes 7 kcal per gram; ~60% of calories in Draught come from alcohol.
Calories in Guinness Draught nutritional facts explained?
~125 kcal from alcohol (78 kcal) + carbs (~40 kcal), plus ~1 g protein.
Is Guinness high in calories for a diet plan?
It’s moderate; track it, and it can fit in but be mindful of alcohol calories.
Expert Citations
- Healthline: Detailed breakdown of calories from alcohol vs carbs in Guinness Draught.
- Guinness.com: Official calorie counts across variants (Draught, Extra Stout, 0.0, etc.).
- Guinness product pages: Precise nutrition data for each variant – Draught, Foreign Extra Stout, Blonde, Smooth, etc.
GENERAL
Why the Rory Masters Collapse Still Matters Today (2025)

Golf can be cruel. One minute you’re leading the Masters, the next you’re fighting to hold it together. Rory Masters collapse moments have given fans drama, heartbreak, and unforgettable TV.
We’ve all seen it happen, the missed shots, the tense body language, the scoreboard slipping away. But why does it happen to a player as good as Rory McIlroy? Let’s break it down.
Quick Answer
The Rory Masters collapse refers to multiple high-profile moments at Augusta where Rory McIlroy lost his lead, most famously in 2011 when he shot 80 in the final round, and again in 2025 with late-round bogeys. Causes include mental pressure, course difficulty, and external distractions like slow play. Yet, Rory has also turned these failures into motivation, ultimately winning the Masters in 2025 to complete his career Grand Slam.
Rory McIlroy: Masters Career Profile
Category | Details |
Name | Rory McIlroy |
Date of Birth | May 4, 1989 (age 36) (ESPN.com) |
Hometown | Holywood, Northern Ireland (ESPN.com) |
Turned Pro | 2007 (ESPN.com) |
Masters Titles | 2025 (First win; career Grand Slam completed) (Reuters, The Washington Post) |
Notable Collapses at Masters | 2011 final-round meltdown (80, from 4-shot lead) (Wikipedia) |
Masters Attempts Before Win | 17 attempts at Augusta by 2025 (The Sun) |
Other Major Wins | U.S. Open 2011, PGA Championship 2012 & 2014, Open Championship 2014 (Data Golf, Wikipedia, Reuters) |
Total Career Wins (2025) | 44 total: 29 PGA Tour, 18 European Tour, others (Talksport) |
Career Grand Slam | Achieved with 2025 Masters win; one of six to do so (Reuters, Talksport) |
Signature Moment | Emotional collapse to celebrating Green Jacket after playoff win vs. Justin Rose (The Washington Post) |
Key Strengths | Multiple Majors, career Grand Slam, long-time world No.1 (European Tour, Reuters) |
Resilience & Legacy | Climbed back from 2011 collapse to claim Masters, completing a decade-long quest (The Scottish Sun, Reuters) |
2011 The Collapse That Started It All
The first big Rory Masters collapse came in 2011.
- Rory led by four shots after three rounds.
- On Sunday, Augusta’s pressure took over.
- He shot an 80 and finished tied for 15th.
2025 A New Collapse, Same Augusta Pressure
Fast forward to 2025. Rory was 4-under through 14 holes in Round 1.
- Then came bogeys on 15 and 16.
- A double bogey on 17 sealed the damage.
Paul McGinley, former Ryder Cup captain, called it a slow play distraction McIlroy couldn’t shake. This wasn’t the first time Rory felt Augusta’s mental toll.
Why Collapses Happen at Augusta
Definition:
Mental collapse in golf Majors is when focus, rhythm, and execution fall apart under tournament stress.
Augusta National tests more than swing mechanics. It pushes the mind to breaking point.
Key factors:
- Course design: punishes tiny errors.
- Crowd energy: amplifies every mistake.
- Mental game: pressure spikes near the finish.
Rory’s Redemption 2025 Masters Win
Here’s the twist: despite the early stumble, Rory fought back. By Sunday evening, he wore the green jacket.
- He became only the 6th golfer to complete the career Grand Slam delay McIlroy had chased for over a decade.
- His win proved collapse doesn’t have to define you.
What Fans and Players Can Learn
- Stay present: Focus on one shot at a time.
- Adapt fast: Don’t let a bad hole become a bad round.
- Pressure prep: Simulate high-stakes moments in practice.
Real-world note:
I’ve seen players choke in local tournaments because they never practiced the mental side. Rory’s story shows why it matters.
FAQs
Why is Rory McIlroy’s Masters collapse famous?
It’s remembered for how quickly a winning position turned into a blowout, especially in 2011 when he led by four shots.
How many times has Rory collapsed at the Masters?
At least twice in high-profile ways — 2011’s final-round meltdown and the 2025 early-round stumble.
What caused Rory’s 2025 collapse?
Analysts point to mental pressure and slow play distractions from his group.
Has Rory ever recovered from a Masters collapse?
Yes. He won the Masters in 2025, securing his career Grand Slam.
Expert Citations
- Paul McGinley — TalkSport: “Slow play affected Rory’s rhythm.”
- Golf.com — “Analyst says slow play led to Rory’s Masters collapse.”
- Wall Street Journal — “McIlroy completes career Grand Slam with 2025 Masters win.”
GENERAL
What to Know About Johnny Depp Island in the Bahamas

You’re curious, and honestly—so am I. What’s it like to own a slice of Caribbean magic, hidden away from prying eyes? Especially when that slice belongs to a Hollywood legend. Let’s cut through the noise and get real.
Quick Answer
Johnny Depp’s Island is called Little Hall’s Pond Cay. He bought it in 2004 for about $3.6 million. It spans roughly 45 acres and is 60 miles southeast of Nassau in the Bahamas. He still owns it as of mid-2025.
Where is Johnny Depp’s Island located?
Here’s what you’ll learn: Its geography, how big it is, and where it sits in paradise.
- Located in the Exuma Islands, Bahamas, about 60 miles southeast of Nassau (Tuko.co.ke – Kenya News, Market Realist, News).
- Covers roughly 45 acres (18 hectares), a sizable tropical property with six beaches (Tuko.co.ke – Kenya News, Newszetu).
It’s a mid-size tropical hideaway, a boat-ride from Nassau. Pure, quiet, untouched.
What’s the story behind its name and purchase?
Here’s what you’ll learn: Why Johnny Depp bought it, what he named parts of it, and how he transformed it.
- Johnny Depp Island was discovered while filming Pirates of the Caribbean. He bought it in 2004 for about $3.6 million (Vanity Fair, News, Homes & Gardens).
- The six beaches are named after his loved ones and mentors—Gonzo (Hunter S. Thompson), Lily Rose, Jack, Brando (Marlon Brando), and Paradis (Vanessa Paradis) (Vanity Fair, Market Realist, People.com).
- He built a ranch-style main house with 360° views, solar-powered guest structures, a bamboo yurt, and a beach house—low-key luxury meets eco-sensitivity (DDW, Tinseltown Tales, DMARGE, CEO Today).
What makes it a sanctuary—and does Depp still own it?
Here’s what you’ll learn: Why it’s meaningful to Johnny Depp and if he still owns it.
- Depp calls Johnny Depp Island “pure and beautiful” and says you can feel your “pulse drop” there—instant freedom (Vanity Fair, Newszetu, Tinseltown Tales).
- As of mid-2025, he still owns it despite rumors of a sale to J.K. Rowling (CEO Today).
Celebrity & luxury context
Here’s what you’ll learn: How it fits with celeb real-estate and pop culture.
- Johnny Depp Island sits among other Bahamas celebrity islands, near properties owned by Eddie Murphy and David Copperfield (Tuko.co.ke – Kenya News).
- The island has hosted Depp’s wedding to Amber Heard in 2015 and served as a detox retreat during difficult times (Glamour, DMARGE, Market Realist).
Takeaway
From celebrity news readers to luxury travellers to real-estate enthusiasts, Little Hall’s Pond Cay—better known as Johnny Depp Island—is a rare, personal hideout that blends Depp’s eclectic style with genuine peace. Based on real-world reports and Depp’s own words, this island is more than property—it’s sanctuary.
FAQ’s
Where is Johnny Depp’s island located?
A private island called Little Hall’s Pond Cay, in the Exuma chain, 60 miles southeast of Nassau, Bahamas.
What is the name of Johnny Depp’s private island?
It’s called Little Hall’s Pond Cay.
How much did Johnny Depp’s island cost?
He bought it for around $3.6 million in 2004.
Can you visit Johnny Depp’s island in the Bahamas?
No—access is strictly by invitation only.
What’s the history of Johnny Depp’s Little Hall’s Pond Cay?
He discovered it during Pirates of the Caribbean filming, bought it, built eco-homes, and still owns it as of 2025.
What are some luxury aspects similar to this island?
Think celebrity-owned private islands—secluded, bespoke retreats designed for quiet, high-end living.
Expert Sources
- Vanity Fair – Their coverage on Johnny Depp Island includes direct quotes and historical context from the actor himself. (vanityfair.com)
- People Magazine – Their article on Johnny Depp Island offers fact-checked property details and insider background. (people.com)
- Homes & Gardens – A respected home and lifestyle publication that provides credible real-estate insights, including luxury property features and valuations for celebrity-owned estates. (homesandgardens.com)
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